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- Get latex out of the air by purchasing non-latex (synthetic) gloves. Latex protein readily binds to the cornstarch powder used in most gloves. Then when the gloves are stretched on and off, latex is propelled into the air. When staff, patients, and visitors inhale the powder, it can make them become allergic (i.e. sensitized) or cause reactions if they are already allergic. Latex gets into the air almost exclusively from gloves. Even gloves that say "powder free" may have a small amount of residual powder that latex protein can bind to and go into the air. Anecdotal information suggests that routine housekeeping activities may trigger reactions in those allergic to latex. Cleaning floors with electric floor sweepers and other tasks that stir up settled latex dust may exacerbate latex allergy. Eliminate the source of this latex powder (usually latex gloves) to remove the potential for this concern.
- Ban latex balloons. This is another source of latex in the air; balloons act just like gloves. Allow only silvery mylar balloons in the hospital. Establish a non-latex balloon policy for your hospital. Communicate this to the hospital gift shop, local florists, security guards, volunteer services and hospital staff. Post notices stating the policy at main doors and patient areas.
- Keep latex away from mucosa - mouth, rectum, vagina, incisions, eyes. Because mucosa is wet and is much thinner than skin, latex proteins can be quickly absorbed into the bloodstream and cause reactions or sensitization. Buy non-latex (synthetic) catheters (foley, IV) and non-latex gloves for vaginal exams, dental exams, catheterizations and surgical procedures.
- Don't inject latex. Make sure that you don't inadvertently inject latex into a vein or muscle. Allergens that are injected can cause an immediate or dramatic reaction, such as a penicillin reaction. The following may containg latex:
- Needle plunger tips
- Medication vial stoppers
- Tubex syringe plungers (prefilled carpoules)
When latex is in contact with medication, the latex may leach into the medication, causing a reaction in the patient. In vial stoppers, needles penetrate the stopper causing the latex to "core" or shred. Latex particles may then be inadvertently delivered to the patient being injected. When buying these products, specify non-latex (synthetic) components.
- Avoid skin contact. Adhesive tape, tourniquets, stretchy bandages, and EKG pads all may contain latex. Although this is less threatening to health than other forms of contact (airborne exposure, mucosal exposure), it is still very important and worth the trouble to eliminate latex. It might not cause as immediate or dramatic reactions, however allergic reaction can occur through skin contact.
- Don't touch any foods with latex gloves. Latex proteins from gloves easily transfer and readily adhere to foods. When the food is ingested, the presence of latex protein can quickly be absorbed and can cause sensitization or reactions. If you have an outside food service, make sure your contract specifies that no latex is used. Polyethylene gloves are a lower-cost alternative for food handling. The 1997 NIOSH Alert states that latex gloves should not be used in food service.
- Don't serve cross-reactive foods to latex-sensitive individuals. Some foods have similar proteins, and the body may not differentiate one protein from another. Banana, avocados, chestnuts, and kiwi, for example, are the four most highly cross reactive foods. Have Dietary get a list of cross reactive foods and avoid serving the most highly cross reactive ones with patients with latex allergy.
This fact sheet was written in collaboration with the Massachusetts Nurses Association Congress on Occupational Health and Safety.
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